Vietnam Food

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Photo: Collected

Food/Cuisine is considered as one of the most distinctive parts of any culture, and Vietnam is no exception. Keep reading this article, as a typical Tet holiday meal with 10 traditional dishes in this Southeast Asia country, which holds Vietnamese lifelong history values in high regard can immediately blow your mind away! 

1. Banh chung, Banh tet

It is safe to say that Tet will never be complete without the appearance of Banh chung, Banh Tet in Vietnamese households’ altars and traditional meals. Legend has it that Banh chung (Savory sticky rice square cake) was created to represent the earth, which plays an important role in Vietnamese culinary culture dated thousand years ago. On the other hand, Banh tet (Savory sticky rice cylinder cake) with the same ingredients and flavor is more prominent in Southern Vietnam.

Source: Collected

Banh chung and Banh tet have the main ingredients which are fatty pork, mung beans, and sticky rice. As for Banh chung, Dong leaves are washed thoroughly and placed into a square mold, then families pour in sticky rice covered around the filling of mung beans and meat. Banh tet is packed in a cylinder shape without any molds, therefore people often find it difficult to make them compared to Banh chung. An experienced wrapper makes sure to tight Banh chung and Banh tet by hand and tie them firmly with resilient wooden cubes.

Thankfully, many generations of Vietnamese people have still preserved this distinct traditional beauty by joining the process, happily looking at the flickering firelight under the iconic boiling pot. 

2. Thit kho tau (Braised pork and eggs)

If you have a chance to visit the Southern part of Vietnam during the Tet holiday, you are likely to see a bowl of Thit kho tau (Braised pork and eggs) appearing in its families’ meals every time. 

In the hope for a year “regular square and round, everything is fine”, pork belly is cut into moderate and square blocks, and duck eggs are round, everything is caramelized in a pot of flavors: the sweetness of sugar, the spiciness of peppers and chilies, the saltiness of fish sauce the bitterness of caramel, and the creaminess of coconut milk. This dish only requires a few ingredients yet brings out a crazy-good flavor, perfect for family gatherings to enjoy when markets and other businesses are still closed. 

Source: Collected

3. Ga luoc (Boiled chicken)

Based on history, Ga luoc or Boiled chicken is a symbol of fullness and prosperity, this traditional dish is not only an indispensable part of the Tet year-round plates but also features in a lot of Vietnamese families’ anniversaries, parties, or weddings. 

Although it sounds incredibly simple, Ga luoc is still a difficulty for many Vietnamese home cooks as you want to control the temperature and the amount of water perfectly so then the meat is not too dry or wrinkled, as well as the inside is cooked and juicy.   

When ga luoc is served, it has to be clear-cut by a sharp knife into moderate blocks, without ragged presentation. In many families, chat ga (cutting boiled chicken) is a fun challenge set by the bride's side for a man who wants to marry their daughter.

Source: Collected

4. Thit dong (Jellied meat)

We have learned about Thit kho tau in Southern Vietnam, and its respective dish in Northern and Northern Central Vietnam is Thit dong (Jellied meat). Thit dong literally means meat and aspic are set into “jelly” due to the cold weather during the Tet holiday in these regions. In the past, when the living standard was relatively low, Thit dong was considered a treat that could only be eaten on Lunar New Year.

Source: Bep Xua

The primary components of this recipe consist of pork or chicken (specifically ham hock, pork rind or ears, as well as dense skin of chicken), wood-ear mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms. The presence of collagen in the skin is what enables the aspic to set and maintain its form. The taste of this meal is uncomplicated yet delectable. It pairs perfectly with hot grains, put the aspic on top of a bowl of steaming hot rice until it melts, and you will be tasting an enjoyable mix of consistencies: the smooth broth, tender meat, chewy strips of pork skin, and crispy wood-ear mushrooms.

5. Kho qua nhoi thit (Stuffed bitter melon soup)

For Southerners, Kho qua nhoi thit (Stuffed bitter melon soup) is a must-have dish in family gatherings during the Tet holiday. Kho qua in Vietnamese means sadness and misfortunes (“kho”) will disappear (“qua”). This dish is deemed to bring them an extraordinary sense of peace of mind as if every misery would pass and positive things would come.

Source: Collected

The recipe is simple and you can easily find ingredients everywhere. First, cut open across a fresh bitter melon and remove the seeds, then stuff it tightly with a combination of minced pork, wooden mushrooms, scallions, and flavorful seasonings including salt, peppers, fish sauce, and a bit of sugar. With a broth, make sure to keep it mild to balance with the marinated meat, slowly add in the stuffed bitter melons, and wait until they are fully cooked. You can enjoy this hearty dish with rice or just by itself!

6. Nem chua (Vietnamese fermented pork roll)

To foreigners traveling to Vietnam, Nem chua is an interesting dish to enjoy with raw garlic and guava leaves, but did you know that Nem chua is also featured in many meals of the Vietnamese year-end occasion? 

As people often visit their relatives and friends on those first days of the lunar calendar, there are always some snacks on the coffee table in each family to welcome their guests. Therefore, Nem chua which is not cooking-required and delicious is perfect for this choice. 

Source: Collected

Nem chua is made by combining fresh pork and a variety of spices, which are then wrapped in banana leaves. True to its name, the pork will be fermented under the leaf covering, resulting in a unique blend of flavors including sweet, tangy, and spicy.

7. Xoi gac (Gac sticky rice)

In Vietnamese culture, the red color is believed to bring luck and wellness, therefore Gac, or spiny bitter cucumber in English, which has a very pigmented red color when it is due, is widely used on the rice tray for ancestral offerings during the beginning of the new year. 

Source: VnExpress

This special type of sticky rice is made from high-quality glutinous rice and combined with spiny bitter cucumber before being steamed. The end result is a visually stunning and enticing bright red color. Consuming chicken and sticky rice with Gac is a desire for a prosperous, harmonious, and fortunate year for Vietnamese households.

8. Cu kieu (Pickled small leeks)

“Fat meat, pickled onions, red parallel sentences.

New Year pole, strings of firecrackers, green banh Chung”

Every Vietnamese people think about this "six-eight" verse form in their hearts when the Lunar New Year rolls around. Vietnamese cuisine values harmony and balance in flavor, so coming with the richness and greasiness of fatty meat, jellied meat, banh chung, etc is always pickled small leeks. Moreover, these fermented vegetables also help to promote food digestion.

The small leeks are pickled in a flavorful sauce for about 2 weeks and are often accompanied by Tom kho (dehydrated shrimp). This side dish provides a crispy texture and a blend of sweet and tangy flavors, making it a perfect accompaniment to other dishes.

Source: Collected

9. Mut and cac loai hat (Candied fruits, seeds, and nuts)

Adults in Vietnam often jokingly say that Tet is an excuse for children to indulge themselves with sweets as every house puts out a charming box full of candied fruits and nuts to serve their guests.

 

Source: Collected

Foreigners are probably familiar with some kinds of popular fruits to make Mut such as coconuts, gingers, squashes, tamarinds, turmerics, and carrots. The natural sweetness from fruits and floury dried sugar will make you keep eating! As for seeds and nuts such as roasted watermelons, sunflower seeds, cashews, and many others, what’s better to pair with than a wholesome conversation and a cup of tea? Moreover, these treats also benefit your health as a source of protein and organic acids, vitamins and minerals, etc.      

10. Mam ngu qua (Five-fruit tray)

During the Vietnamese New Year, it is traditional to have a five-fruit tray on the ancestral altar. Some believe that the five fruits represent ngũ hành (the five elements of nature) - metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. Others view the tray as a representation of the fruits of a family's labor throughout the previous year, which are offered to heaven, earth, and ancestors as a gesture of respect and thankfulness.

Source: Collected

In the Southern region of Vietnam, the tradition of assembling a five-fruit tray is based on “cầu sung vừa đủ xài” (wish for enough prosperity). The pronunciation is interestingly matched with the sounds of five fruits: soursop, fig, coconut, papaya, and mango.

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Photo: Du Lich Viet

For the past decades, Vietnamese cuisine has always made it to the top worldwide for its variety of delectable dishes coming from the North to the South. But do you know that a bowl of Pho or spring rolls that you are eating right now is also beneficial for your health?

Let’s find out about the secret of Vietnamese kitchens and their home cook to make these balanced meals in this article!

Overview

If you have ever tried Phở - one of the most famous Vietnamese cuisines globally, you probably can tell the key of this Southeast Asia nation’s specialties is “balance” and “refreshing”. The balance comes from five distinct flavors, i.e sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami, which requires a cook to fully understand the dish and apply correct culinary techniques. On the other hand, a lot of Vietnamese food feature fresh vegetables and herbs, as well as such local protein sources as freshwater fish or dragon chicken, therefore eaters can easily taste the natural flavor and distinguish them with frozen food or processed cans.

Vietnamese cuisine has always made it to the top worldwide for its variety of delectable dishes coming from the North to the South (Source: Collected)

With these two components, Vietnamese culinary offerings are recognized for their health advantages, encompassing dishes that are low in fat, gluten-free, immune-enhancing, and rich in vitamins and minerals. Even though Vietnamese people are not the most active physically, this country still has the lowest rate of adult obesity in the world according to the Stanford University study.

Cooking techniques

Influenced by Chinese culture, the way Vietnameses prepare and cook their food rely mainly on the cosmological principles of Âm and Dương (Yin and Yang) and ngũ hành (the five elements). 

In terms of food, Yin and Yang has it that some ingredients cannot be combined randomly as they can be fatal or detrimental, you have to make sure that heating (dương-yang energy) is accompanied by cooling (âm-yin energy) ingredients. For example, seafood such as squid has a cooling influence so locals often pair it with lá lốt (piper lolot leaves) to avoid stomach upset.

The cosmological principles of Âm and Dương (Yin and Yang) and ngũ hành (the five elements) (Source: Collected)

The five elements include wood, fire, earth, metal, and water - interact harmoniously to create a holistic and well-rounded culinary experience. In one traditional Vietnamese meal, you want to pay attention to all the dishes, fresh, green ingredients such as herbs and vegetables representing wood; fire is associated with high-heat cooking methods like grilling; earth elements are present in rice; seafood representing metal, and soups and broths have high water elements. 

Therefore, to Vietnamese cuisine, everything has to be in harmony to create healthy, balanced, and delicious meals.

Ingredients

As a country located in the humid tropical monsoon region, Vietnam is blessed by nature with a rich climate, water source, soil, etc creating a home to many green vegetables and animal protein. Here are a few examples.

1. Seasonings and condiments

Vietnamese people use fragrance ingredients such as shallots, garlics, gingers, lemons, or lemongrass a lot in their dishes. Ginger and garlic can help with anti-inflammatory properties, lemon is a good source of antioxidants and vitamin C, lemongrass can prevent acne and skin aging, etc. 

Nước mắm (fish sauce) is another condiment produced by artisans that is iconic in Vietnamese cuisine, it is believed to be better than common salt as nước mắm is low in calories and fermented, which is good for digestion.

2. Rice noodles

As other Asian countries, rice is a staple dish of every Vietnamese household, mostly at lunch and dinner when family members are all present. However, even for breakfast, Vietnameses can find a way to incorporate rice in their portions by a bowl of Phở or Bún bò Huế (Vietnamese spicy beef noodles), which is gluten-free and high in fiber. 

3. Green vegetables and fruits

Herbs such as mints, basils, cilantros; crunchy vegetables such as cucumbers, carrots, daikons; leafy vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, bok choy; etc can be seen everywhere in Vietnam. Especially, the consistent inclusion of leafy greens underscores their vital role and the emphasis on health benefits within Vietnamese culinary practices. 

Do you know that you can buy vegetables and fruits fresher and at a cheaper price in Vietnam compared to grocery stores in Western countries? Take advantage of it if you have a chance to visit this country!

Leafy vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, bok choy can be seen everywhere in Vietnam (Source: Verywell)

4. Coffee

Surprisingly, a cup of espresso, or black coffee every day can lower sugar levels in blood, avoid heart diseases and certain types of cancers. Dak Lak, Lam Dong, Kon Tum, Dak Nong, Gia Lai are hidden gems in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, home to Vietnamese coffee. To coffee lovers, visiting The World Coffee Museum or simply coffee houses located everywhere is such a dreamlike experience, learning about the history and how to make rich coffee beans, and the best part: tasting the original flavor.

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Street food has been part of the Vietnamese cultural landscape for a century. From cities to towns to remote villages. From vendors on bicycles to pushcarts and stalls. In Vietnam, street food reigns supreme. But in Ho Chi Minh City, the street food phenomenon has reached a peak of epic proportions. 

HCMC boasts a population of nearly 9 million and is divided into multiple districts (some numbered, some named). This provides a recipe for street food distinction and ample opportunity for exploration. Plastic tools and tables are arranged nicely along the pavement becoming a familiar picture, not only in HCMC but across cities of Vietnam. The bustling streets of HCMC mix ambiance and aroma on a nightly basis. Fresh cheap eats, dined al fresco. From cook to consumer, right under your watchful gaze. 

Most Vietnamese are social butterflies. Dining in groups with myriad dishes and raucous toasts of Mot-Hai-Ba Dzo are some kinds of formalities. It’s an intoxicating, celebratory way of eating, socializing and sharing. Eating street food is one of the most authentic experiences you’ll find in Vietnam.

Street food purveyors and pundits seem to have reached consensus on certain “must-eat” streets. Let’s start with District 1, which is the heart of downtown HCMC—packed with hotels, restaurants, nightlife and popular tourist attractions.  

Co Giang Street sits on the edge of what’s known as exotic street food maze. Unfazed by the din of western style bars and restaurants which occupy the neighboring blocks, Co Giang Street provides a pure Vietnamese street food experience. Barbeque embers glow, works and cauldrons fry and steam as fluorescent lights illuminate the scene. 

Tran Khac Chan Street (also in District 1) is a neon lit, bustling strip of eating options. A veritable smorgasbord of delectables offered amongst the buzz of a quintessential “Saigon Street”. Cars and motorbikes mingle with the mass of foot traffic and diners. So much to choose from, so much to see. 

Phan Van Han Street is on the edge of District 1. This “neighborhood” lane is popular amongst university students and locals. It’s lowkey, homey and densely packed with inexpensive food stalls. A strip of sidewalk provides room for small tables and chairs—bare bulbs provide the lighting. There are lots to choose from on this bustling but rather quaint little street.

District 3 rivals District 1 as far as foot-traffic and tourism are concerned. There are several well-known religious sites, a couple of museums and a lake, all of which seem to draw the crowds. But Nguyen Thuong Hien Street has carved out a reputation all its own for its bawdy revelry and sidewalk dining. The street is narrow, noir in vibe, and known for its seafood specialties—clams, sea snails, crab claws and oysters, as well as fresh fruit juices and beer. It’s not unusual to see diners singing along to guitar playing troubadours. 

You might say District 4 is an island unto itself (surrounded by the Saigon River, Ben Nghe Canal and Te Canal). Considered the smallest district in HCMC, District 4 has personality and Vinh Khanh Food Street personifies its independent spirit. Known as a youthful, hipster hangout—where the trendy flock and parade—singing karaoke and dancing amongst fire-eaters and the curious. Vinh Khanh is as much a street party as a street feast—a place where patrons grill their own myriad meats and seafood on coal stoves at their tables. 

District 5 has a rather haunting backstory. It’s also the district that contains HCMC’s Chinatown. Perhaps it’s the density of the population that provides the impetus for such a vibrant street life. The street is lined with food stalls as well as cafes and bars. Locals mingle (young and old) creating a neighborly vibe that’s both welcoming and festive. 

On the border of the Phu Nhuan and Binh Thanh districts, you’ll find Van Kiep Street. Under a neon glow of signage, visitors discover myriad street-eating options—a showcase of Vietnamese specialties. It’s typically a young crowd that gathers in festive, cultural revelry. If there’s a rare dish to be found, this is the street to find it.

So just what can you expect to eat on the streets of HCMC? Well, here’s a short list of delectables to inspire your palate:

Banh beo is translucent morsels filled with shrimp and pork—perfect for sharing as they typically come in eight to ten per order.

Banh Beo

Banh da xuc hen contains tiny fried clams with lemongrass, chili, onion, garlic and coriander—sprinkled with peanuts and served with few pieces of sesame crackers.  

Banh da xuc hen

Source: Internet

Banh cuon is steamed rice rolls with mushrooms, black fungus and ground pork, another of those delicious “let’s share” dishes.

Banh cuon

Banh xeo is a crispy crepe, folded taco style with shrimp, pork, bean sprouts and dipped in fish sauce. 

Banh xeo

Bo la lot combines marinated beef wrapped with piper lolot leaves, rice noodles, fresh herbs and rice paper. You roll the concoctions yourself and dip in fish sauce. 

Bo la lot

Bo Kho is Vietnamese beef stew—chunks of beef, vegetables, chili and lime and always served with a fresh baked roll. 

Bo Kho

Banh Canh Cua is a seafood soup with crab, shrimp and rice or tapioca noodles in a pork broth.

Banh Canh Cua

The list goes on and on—from spring rolls to seafood (crab, seasnail, oysters and clams), to skewered/grilled meats and poultry… The streets of HCMC offer a cornucopia of colorful concoctions, created before your eyes, in an ambiance of festive frolic. Our advice: Hit the streets and eat!

 

Source: Vietnam Tourism

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The appeal of Vietnamese cuisine is reaching a broader global audience thanks to the Netflix film "A Tourist's Guide to Love" which showcases many of the nation’s signature dishes.
 
Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

In the film, which stared streaming on Netflix April 21, the popular Vietnamese street food goi cuon (spring rolls with pork and shrimp) appears in a scene filmed at Ben Thanh Market in downtown Ho Chi Minh City.

The rolls consist of a rice paper wrap stuffed with rice vermicelli noodles, sliced pork, steamed prawns and a salad of fresh aromatic leaves including mint, cilantro, sliced cucumbers and basil.

The red shrimp and green vegetables give the dish its signature colorful look underneath the translucent rice paper. The dish is served with a thick dark brown peanut dipping sauce.

Goi cuon spring rolls cost VND10,000 to VND15,000 each on average.

Photo by Hoang Thien

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

A scene in which fresh pork ribs are grilled over charcoal at Ben Thanh Market has also attracted the attention of international viewers.

Grilled pork chops are an indispensable part of com tam (broken rice), a streetside dish that can be found almost everywhere in Ho Chi Minh City and the rest of southern Vietnam, from traditional markets to street carts.

The grilled pork is served with bi (shredded pork skin), cha (meatloaf with steamed pork, egg and other ingredients), a bed of pickled vegetables and a garnish of scallion oil and crispy fried pork lard.

A serving of broken rice costs VND25,000 to 40,000 ($1-1.61), although some elite destinations charge VND120,000 a portion.

Photo by Mr. True

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Banh bot loc (steamed tapioca cake with shrimp), which originated in the former imperial city of Hue, also appears in the movie.

Banh bot loc is a chewy dumpling made from tapioca flour filled with pork and shrimp. The cake is covered in banana leaves and steamed before being served hot with fish sauce.

Near the western gate of Ben Thanh Market is a stall selling the cake together with other Hue’s specialties such as banh beo (steamed rice cake) and banh it tran(sticky rice dumpling).

These dishes usually come with dry shrimp paste, small pieces of fried bread and a piece of Vietnamese pork sausage. Everything is eaten with fish sauce, which comes mixed with chopped spicy chilies on the side in a small dipping saucer.

Cake prices start at VND20,000 and go up from there.

Photo by Ngan Duong

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Another Ben Thanh Market scene in "A Tourist’s Guide to Love" features Vietnamese fruit and yogurt, a popular local dessert mixture.

With temperatures soaring to 40 degrees Celsius in Ho Chi Minh City recently, the dish has become an increasingly popular way to cool off during these hot summer months. 

Most yogurt eateries feature tropical fruits such as avocado, dragon fruit, watermelon, jackfruit, strawberry, mango and grape mixed with coconut milk, sweetened condensed milk, Vietnamese yogurt and ground ice.

A serving of Vietnamese fruit mixed with yogurt costs VND35,000-50,000 on average.

Photo by Thien Minh

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Foreign film viewers have also been impressed by traditional Vietnamese customs and foods after watching "A Tourist's Guide to Love" as the movie features scenes of rural Vietnamese families celebrating Tet (Lunar New Year Festival), the country’s biggest and most important holiday.

In the north, the weather usually gets chilly and slightly rainy during Tet, and traditional meals consist of dishes made from starch, vegetables and meats.

Banh chung, a square-shaped patty of sticky rice filled with meat and beans, is wrapped in green leaves. The savory “cake” is an indispensable part of the Tetambiance in the homes of northern families.

Squares of banh chung are made of a glutinous rice cake filled with mung bean, fatty pork, pepper and salt. Before cooking, the square is wrapped in dong leaf, a popular edible plant found throughout Asia, which gives it an eye-catching green color.

Banh chung’s origins have been traced back to the legend of a prince who created the square cake to represent the land people live on. Eating the cake during the New Year holiday is an old and well-preserved tradition.

Photo by Thuy Quynh

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Boiled chicken is also an essential part of most Tet meals. Some believe the dish represents a lucky start for a family’s new year.

The chickens used to make the dish are native breeds. After cleaning, the whole chicken is boiled in a large pot until the flesh is fully cooked and the skin turns a bright yellow color. The cook then lets the meat dry and harden before chopping it into pieces. The chicken pieces are then arranged to cover a round or oval dish.

A special ingredient in this dish is lime leaf. The leaves need to be sliced into super slim strands and placed on top of the chicken to add a special aroma to the meat. The chicken is only complete, however, with a dipping sauce made of pepper, salt, lime juice, and lime leaves.

Photo by Bui Thuy

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Nem ran (fried spring rolls) are a sure-fire part of Tet meals in northern homes. They’re filled with a harmonious mixture of fatty pork, onion, Jew’s ear mushroom, vermicelli, egg, pepper, carrot, and bean sprout, all chopped and mixed with spices.

The mixture is rolled snuggly in thin, white rice paper.

The fried rolls are served with fish sauce flavored by lime juice, sugar, garlic, and chili. 

Photo by Bui Thuy

Hollywood film brings Vietnamese cuisine to global audiences

Like boiled chicken and fried spring rolls, xoi gac (Vietnamese red sticky rice) is a regular part of traditional meals for Tet in northern Vietnam, where locals believe the dish brings prosperity and good fortune.

This traditional Vietnamese treat combines sticky rice and gac, a type of perennial melon grown throughout several Southeast Asian countries.

A purée of the fruit is mixed with rice before the combo is steamed with coconut milk and sugar.

Xoi gac is characterized by its unusual red hue, which is one of the reasons the dish is usually served on special occasions, including the Lunar New Year Festival.

Photo by Bui Thuy

 

Source: VnExpress

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